What I Really Taught Me - 857 Words

Obviously the course English 107 did not teach me how to write, I already knew how to write. But I did learn a few important concepts that will help me for future essays. Before taking the course I did not know how to come to terms with any authors while using their concepts, but reading the Harris book really taught me to understand the way to come to terms with them. My essays have really improved over these 10 weeks. As a writer, I really struggled with making my essays be understood. Know I write my essays clearly and readers can come to terms with my essays. I understand that I still need work, but at the end of the day, but I learned so many things that will benefit me in the future. For example, I learned to extend my thesis by identifying the argument and purpose to take it across to the audience. One of my previous papers was a rhetorical paper and my first thesis was completely trashed, â€Å"It is the best because the organization’s use of ethos, pathos, and logos create an effective call to action for viewers to make more responsible choices†, I later then extended it to, â€Å"It is the best because the organization’s use of ethos, pathos, and logos create an effective call to action for viewers to make more responsible choices. The video effectively triggers the audience’s sense of understanding that drunk driving affects everyone from the victim to their family and friends†. A good thesis should not be a sentence long, it should be longer with valuable information.Show MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Life Of Pi931 Words   |  4 PagesFor the fall semester of 2017, I took english 160 at the University of Illinois at Chicago with Dr. Stapleton, where we did writing and the self. 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A Common Term That Is Classified As Being Corrupt Are...

A common term that is classified as being corrupt are gratuities. A gratuity is defined as â€Å"any discount, gift or benefit one receives by virtue of their profession (Andrews).† Multiple departments have considered accepting gratuities a violation of their codes. The Law Enforcement Officer Ethical Standards of Conduct, or officer requirements, for the Florida Department of Law Enforcement states in principle six that Police officers shall not compromise their integrity, nor that of their Department or profession, by accepting, giving or soliciting any gratuity which could be reasonably interpreted as capable of influencing their official acts or judgments, or by using their status as a police officer for personal, commercial, or political gain. (Florida Department of Law Enforcement, n.d.) A common reason departments are trying to make public servants not accept gratuities is because of the â€Å"slippery slope argument†. It is believed that once gratuities are accepted, even a small one, it will â€Å"start an evitable slide toward serious corruption (Andrews).† Some people â€Å"believe that gratuities are dangerous because what might start without intent on the part of the officer may become a patterned expectation (Cohen 1986).† However, their are others who believed that gratuities should be encouraged. Richard Kania (1998) argues that the people who are offering the gratuities genuinely want to thank them for their services. Kania says how the people don’t intend on itShow MoreRelatedPolice Corruption9501 Words   |  39 Pagesshift has ended and they have to go home to their family. Some of the stressors, and at times atrocities, that police officers have been exposed to throughout their shift have to be forgotten about. This has to be done to keep their families from being exposed to the same psychological issues that police officers are trained to handle. There are many levels of law enforcement included within state and federal agencies and this paper will discuss several levels of law enforcement. The steppingRead MoreA Literature Review on International Business8061 Words   |  33 Pagesdepends on choosing the right country to transact with, and having the ability to negotiate with that country in terms of their rules and policies, in a fairly considerable way. To be able to do this would guarantee both countries’ relationship to be beneficial. On the other hand, most developed countries trade and invest with developing countries because of less competition in terms of quality and innovation. However, it’s not easy as it looks to deal with some of these countries because of theRead MoreMba Solved Assignment Papers52670 Words   |  211 Pagesvalues during a research or experiment and the nature of influence they have on the research outcomes. As per this classification variables are classified as dependent, independent and extraneous variables. Qualitative variables are not quantifiable in the strictest sense of objectivity. However, the qualitative phenomena may also be quantified in terms of the presence or absence  of the attribute considered. Phenomena that assume different  values  quantitatively even in decimal points are known asRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 PagesCompany Operating Policy: 77 I. INTRODUCTION 78 II. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND ETHICAL BUSINESS CONDUCT 80 III. CONTRACT AUTHORITY 81 IV. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 83 V. FAIR DEALINGS 88 VI. RECEIPT OF GIFTS, LOANS, FAVORS, OR OTHER GRATUITIES 88 VII. USE OF THE COMPANY FUNDS OR OTHER RESOURCES 90 VIII. POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 93 IX. CORPORATE RECORDS 93 X. APPROVAL OF EXPENSES 95 XI. MEDIA, REGULATORY, LEGAL AND OTHER INQUIRIES 95 E. Subpoenas or Other Legal ProcessRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesfinancial support (c) a labor union marketing its idea to members and to company management; and (d) professors trying to make their courses interesting for students. In addition to the range of items normally considered as products and services, what is being marketed might include (a) ideas such as reducing air pollution or contributing to the red cross (b) people, such as new football coach or a political candidate and (c) places, such as industrial plant sites or a place to for a vocation. In a broad

The Impact Of Technology On Human Health - 1479 Words

INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN HEALTH Riddhi S. Patel California Baptist University Influence of Technology on Human Health Modern Technology The aspire to make life less demanding is all because of technology advancements. Because of Modern technology individuals way of life is ameliorating, helps incrementing relaxation time, help getting rid of neediness, and prompt a more prominent assortment of item. Assumption of enormous opportunities, a basic need of human life are given by technologies. The advancement of technology has changed society in both positive and negative ways. Individuals everywhere throughout the world utilize and gets advantage from current technology. Technology has improved the entrance to many†¦show more content†¦The aeronautics innovation is giving medical issues for their employees and making genuine ecological dangers. With the overwhelming use of manures, the soil is losing its normal ripeness and a few assortments of plants wound up noticeably terminated. Thus, modern technology impacts social, mental and physical health of humans. Adverse Effect and Risks of Modern Technology because of TechnoStress â€Å"Today, following the quick changes experienced in technological gadgets, particularly in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), they convey accommodation to our lives also, take us under their control. These improvements give us a few open doors in business life, yet then again, they make a few weaknesses for employees â€Å"-Chesley, 2014; Nelson and Kletke, 1990. â€Å"Although the most recent advancements in business life decrease the bigger measure of weight caused by the troubles of physical undertakings, the expanded speed of work and less measure of time spent to get readied increment the weight of psycho-physical errands†- Bayazit Hayta, 2007. â€Å"The utilization of ICTs pushes individuals both to take after new applications and furthermore to acquire new technological devices and their adjustments†- Shah, Hassan and Embi, 2011. 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To prepare for this ApplicationRead MoreThe Impact of Computer Science on Health Care Medicine1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Computer Science on Health Care amp; Medicine Abstract Computer science can be defined as the systematic study of algorithmic processes, their theory, design, analysis, implementation and application. Its functions in the modern society today expand far beyond the uses one could even begin to imagine. Specifically, there is an increased influence in its practical application in the field of medicine. In recent times, an interdependent relationship between medicineRead MoreBiomedical Appliances And The Destruction They Bring1385 Words   |  6 Pagesas these, but why use a product with such devastating potential? With today’s modern technology and brilliant scientists should put more effort into creating more environmentally friendly biomedical technology whilst still having the same benefits. 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The Factors Affecting Community Participation Essay

Factors Affecting Community Participation in Development Activities in Rural Areas of Khyber Pakhtoon Khua, Pakistan Introduction: Globalization provides plate form for the community development workers, helping local groups move from campaign slogans to constituencies for change, linking local to regional and supranational arenas and supported by participatory form of research, policy analysis and continuous organizational learning. These are all process to which community development can make a strong contribution [1]. A refocusing the developmental strategy in mid 1970s led to the emergence of people’s participation as central concern and to increasing recognition of the need for the developmental strategies. In 1980s however, the interpretation broaden into a more general argument for wider people’s participation in national developmental. In 1990s people’s participation has strengthened into a well established principle of development which has received support from Government, International Developmental Agencies and Non Governmental Organizations and has been implemented across the se ctor in many different countries [2].There are numerous motives which advocate importance of citizen participation in developmental activities. As a concept, participation of the community is used and inferred in different conducts in diversified situations [3]. Community development seeks to change these conditions through the participation of the people asShow MoreRelatedCitizen Participation : An Individual Choice956 Words   |  4 PagesIn a democratic government, citizen participation is essential and beneficial in order to ensure everyone’s opinions will be heard and represented. 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Some language learners are successful by virtue of their sheer determination, hard work and diligence. However, there are other crucial factors influencing success that are largely beyond the control of learners. Second language is any language other than the learner s native

Writing and Reading Should Be Taught Together Free Essays

string(29) " and analysis process essay\." CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Context Nowadays, in University, scholars need to learn another language besides their own mother tongue. They will like to learn English language which is the second language we can learn. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing and Reading Should Be Taught Together or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a language, there are a lot of skills which we must learn, such as, reading, writing, listening and speaking. What actually reading is? Reading means the action or skill of reading written or printed matter silently or aloud. Moreover, it is also mean as the process of constructing meaning from written texts. Hence, it is not a skill that students must learn separately from other processes. Reading skill combines many complex activities include categorizing, building key terms and concepts for a subject, measuring one’s reaction to a subject, making new connections, abstracting, figuring out significance and developing arguments. In learning English Foundation subjects, there are some reasons for us to read. By reading books, we might become an interesting person. This happens because we can use information that we get from books or magazine to impress ourselves to friends or future employers. Besides, reading also can help us to learn how to write correctly. In this case, we will get good grades and also can impress our future boss who will promote us because we can express ourselves 3 correctly. The next reason for reading is to help us in developing our imagination to write many excellent stories. For doing some event, we also can look up a lot of funny ideas for friends to prepare something outside our expectation. If we read, we can get the information which can take us to some places that we do not know. For example, when we see newspapers write good articles about travelling places which we have never been before, we will feel interesting to take part in that travel place. There are many types of reading as a second language. The types of reading are divided into two sections, which are reading in oral and reading in silent. In silent reading, it also divided into two as extensive and intensive reading. Extensive reading has three sections which are scanning, skimming and global reading. Scanning reading means we required to use a specific piece of information. After scanning the passage, the reader will know what the items look like, knows when has located, what was the searching for. It is assumed that very little information is processed into long-term memory or even for immediate understanding because the objective is simply matching. Besides that, skimming reading has more complex task than scanning because it requires the reader to organize and remember some of the information given by the author not just to locate it. In learning the reading skill, we can use different ways to have more effective learning. We can take reading as realism which mean literature is 4 realistic in one way or another. This is also about the human condition that it is repository of cultural wisdom. When we started to read, we will just focus on things like plot, character, setting and also themes of the material reading. Furthermore, we can make reading as our experience to have it. It is also can help us to think the way how they manipulate experience changes from page to page, moment to moment. We might also focus on experience of particular varieties of readers such as grouped them by age, gender, race, class and place in the world. To make effective learning in reading, we can help children to select reading materials that match their passions. By asking what is interesting of them, we can choose the book which match to them and make them truly suit for their learning journeys. On top of that, we can also ask children to read aloud their reading materials because usually children are never told to be read in front of the friends or teachers. With reading to children, the most powerful thing is we have to teach the beauty of language, a little grammar and also the meaning of the text. When we read to children, we can model the love of story and language that compels us in learning how to read. In the other hands, we can see that writing is an activity or a skill of making coherent words on paper and composing text. It also means the representation of language in a textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbols which also known as a writing system. With some reasons, we need to learn writing in the second language lesson. The first reason is writing can makes 5 us to think more than what usually we speak. It makes us to think and thoughts are vital in the journey of life because we need to observe, listen, smell, feel, analyze, question, rationalize, appreciate, process, internalize and make conclusion. On top of that, writing can improve our literary skills. For example, if we take time to write out a passage or a book, we will improve our literary skills in some period of time. You can also learn a lot of new words, writing skills and developing the alternative literary forms which from prose to poetry. The next reason we need to learn writing is because it can make us to be disciplined. This writing skill can disciplined our thoughts in daily routine and also in future life. After we experience the benefits of writing, we will begin to enjoy it. If this happens all the time, it can become a habit, a compulsion and a fascination. Furthermore, writing also can makes us to open the new doors to find new friends, ideas, possibilities, ways to constructively utilize time, and considerations. In writing skills, there are also many types of writing, such as, cause or effect, cause and effect, comparison and contrast, definition, description, narrative, persuasive and analysis process essay. You read "Writing and Reading Should Be Taught Together" in category "Essay examples" Cause or effect is an essay about meaningful relationships between events and results. It is also make an event and an effect which happens as a result of that situation. However, comparison/contrast essay is comparing the differences between two or more similar or different things. Definition essay means we write the meaning of 6 something, whereas, in writing description essay, we need to describe all about â€Å"painting a picture† with words. On the other hand, narrative writing is to write a story that you would like to share. In writing persuasive essays, we need to convince others by presenting solid and supported arguments. In a process to make analysis essay, we need to write and explain how to do something or how something is working and also we must think and write what those things can be happen in future life. In learning writing skills, there are some ways to make the writing become more effective. We can list out all the work words. By doing this way, we can list out the â€Å"work† words in English verb and also download the complete list â€Å"work† words that writers use to enhance their ability to read. Another way to learn writing is how to write a Letter of Intent. It will help us to learn tips on how to write a professional letter of intent. We also can see the free template and sample of how to write a Letter of Intent. Besides that, we also can learn writing is we study how to write an Executive Summary. In this skill, we can find a lot of unique opportunities to convince the reader that writing can offer the best value proposition and is the best benefit at the lowest cost. To be an effective writer, we need different method in teaching how to write. First of all, we can help students to analyze text by asking them to imagine dialogue between authors. It is can help students to integrate the ideas of several writers into a single analytical essay by asking them to create a dialogue among 7 those authors. Furthermore, we also can encourage descriptive writing by focusing on the sounds of words. When a teacher read out some sentences for many times, it means he / she lets the students to write out what they have collected from teachers’ reading. In this situation, they may use their own words, borrow from other contributions, add other words which are necessary and change word forms. We also can use the sharing events of students’ life to inspire writing. For example, when a child comes to school with a fresh haircut or tattered book bag, these events can make them to create a new essay or a new poem by their own. By sharing the events, we can ask the students to write out what actually their mind is thinking that time or inspire some ideas related to the events. 1. 2 Options We have prepared three different research papers which are explaining about different methods in teaching English language, in this situation we can say for teaching English Foundation class. These can be used by the lecturers to teach their scholars to prepare their assignment for continuing their degree program. Here are the three options, which are : 1. 2. 1 Reading then Writing 1. 2. 2 Writing then Reading 1. 2. 3 Reading and Writing Should be Taught Together 8 1. 3 Thesis Statements In the University, the lecturers still thinking which is the best method they need to use for teaching syllabus. Normally, lecturers will use teaching scholars reading skills then following by teaching writing skills. This happens because they think scholars will become more effective in writing their assignment. Besides that, lecturers also will use the method of teaching writing skills then reading skills. If they use this method, they believe that the scholars will become an expert reader. Now, we choose the research paper which is explaining about Reading and Writing Should be Taught Together because we strongly recommend this method to be used in University English Foundation Class. 1. 4 Linking Sentence to Chapter II Now, let us think which one is the best teaching method in reading and writing skills for school and university students. Is teaching reading skills should be taught first then followed by teaching writing skills? Or is teaching writing skills should be taught first then followed by teaching reading skills? Or are both reading and writing skills should be taught together in schools and universities. 9 CHAPTER II MAIN DISCUSSION 2. 1 Reading then Writing According to Joelle Brummitt-Yale, who is a certified teacher (BA in English and a M. Ed. in Middle Grades Language Arts) and has 10 years experience in public school education. She is also currently working on a certificate in academically gifted education. A research has been found that when children read extensively in a wide range, they might become better writers. Reading different kind of genres help children in learning text structures and language which can be transferred to their own writing. In addition, reading provides young people with prior knowledge which can be used in their stories. One of the primary reasons that we can read is to learn, especially while we are still in school. A major portion of what we know comes from the texts we read. Since writing is the act of transmitting knowledge in print, we must have information to share before we can write it. Therefore reading plays a major role in writing. It’s easier to start off by reading, because it gives children the opportunity to recognize words and phrases, and adapt them to use when they are writing. It also gives the opportunity for children to understand more before they begin writing, as they already know how basic sentence structures work, which is shown through reading not by direct teaching. 10 More Reading for Better Writing To produce better writing by reading more. Reading is the single most important activity that leads to better writing. In fact, it’s just as crucial as actually writing. So, let’s talk about why it’s essential for writers to read as much as possible and also reading before writing. Firstly, more reading, the human brain is like a sponge. We soak up everything that we observe and experience throughout our lives, and each thing we are exposed to become part of the very fiber of our beings. What we read is no exception. You may not be able to recite the Mother Goose nursery rhymes you read as a child, but they’re still somewhere in that head of yours. When you hear Jack be nimble, Jack be quick, that little voice inside your head will tell you that Jack jumped over a candlestick. It’s embedded in your brain. Secondly, better writing, by reading a lot, you will develop a familiarity with language. Your vocabulary will expand and turns of phrase will wedge themselves into your memory. Even grammar sinks in. Forget memorizing all the rules, just read writers who are grammatically adept. Eventually, it all will become part of your mental makeup. Melissa Donovan is a website designer and copywriter. She writes fiction and poetry and is the founder and editor of Writing Forward, a blog packed with creative writing tips and ideas. 1 Ninety percent of schools teach reading before writing because it’s easier to start off by reading, because it gives children the opportunity to recognise words and phrases, and adapt them to use when they are writing. It also gives the opportunity for children to understand more before they begin writing, as they already know how basic sentence structures work, which is shown through reading not by direct teaching. Moreove r, you can also incorporate more words into your writing if you have a better vocabulary. Comments : 2. 1. Chan Chu Ying Base on the article, more reading our vocabulary will expand and turns of phrase will wedge them into our memory. It stimulates our brain, and makes you become a more creative thinker. It is a wonderful skill to have, and if our get us hands on a really good book, reading will become like eating is a great technology. The more we learn from reading books the more lessons you will know for life. If we can see, we do not look like it could fly, but it will not fly, we read every book that you have to go to a new place. We find more villains, more cases; we have not thought of a way out, you have to be a hero to accommodate more. Reading also gives our knowledge, keeps our mind and imagination active since our picture the scenes, improve memory, and learn about new things and new idea. 2. 1. 2 Stefanie Tio 12 There are many researchers who do researches about teaching reading skills first to the students or scholars then continuing with writing skills. The result shows that this method has a lot of advantages, such as, helping students or scholars in learning sentence structure and language in making application to their writing, giving more information which can be used to their writing, and making them become more familiar with language. However, not all of the students or scholars can use this method in learning. Moreover, not all of the teachers also feel comfortable using this way of teaching. This happens because every single person is different, one can use this method efficiently; on the other hand, one cannot accept this method. For instance, some of the students’ writing is very good and their uses of grammar also excellent. These results come because they read many books with different genre so they have known a wide range of vocabulary and the grammar also already ‘sinks’ in their brain. . 1. 3 Lv Ya Wei A research told us that kids will have more opportunity to become a good writer if they do a lot of reading because reading is more easier than writing and also reading different types of books can help kids to deal with the reality world stuff better. They can solve the problems or attempt to stop making mistakes by using the examples they have already read. When the kids write somethin g, every part of the writing root in reading. They learn the words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs from reading. At the same time 13 hey expand their vocabulary, improve the writing skills and have more experience and feeling about writing just like having already found a guideline or a good teacher. Everything turns into their brain like memories, next time when they need some opinion or advices the memories will come out and show them. This will be a great help for their writing even their future life. If you want to make yourself a high step in writing, the fact is first you have to do some reading enough, then you can create the style of your own. You study from reading and make it better. The only way is reading before writing. Always, the efficiency of reading by oneself is lower than reading be taught. So reading should be taught before writing. 2. 1. 4 Low Lei Hoong After read the research paper of reading then writing, I think the students who read more of the books can be better writers. The students who had read different kinds of genre, the students are able to learn text structures and also good language in the writing. By this skill, the students can use all the information that they already to write in the writing essay or books. The students who read more genres of books, books can provide a lot of prior knowledge in their reading. The students can also use the knowledge they get to solve a problem. Besides that, the students will able to recognize the difficult words and 14 good phrases. In the writing an essay or books, the students can use the words and phrases that their get from reading books. By reading first then writing the paragraph, the students can develop a familiarity with language and no necessary with the same language that they only know it. Furthermore, the essay will easy to start off by reading first because the students will use their own information to write it out. Those students start with reading, they are able to understand some difficulty words before they started writing. 2. 2 Writing then Reading One tool which can be looked for improving students’ reading, as well as their learning from text is writing. Writing has three ways to improve reading. Firstly, reading and writing activities are functional, which can be combined to reach a specific goal. In this case is learning new ideas which are represented in the text (Fitzgerald and Shanahan, 2000). For example, writing sciences information might facilitate comprehension and learning so the reader can understand and learn easily. This happens because it provides the meaning of recording, connecting, analyzing, personalizing and manipulating the main idea of the text. Secondly, the connecting of reading and writing, as they draw upon common knowledge and cognitive processes (Shanahan, 2006). Therefore, to improve students’ writing skills, teachers must also improve their reading skills. Thirdly, reading and writing are activities which provide communication. Writers should improve their perception about reading by making 15 their own texts (Tierney and Shanahan, 1991), in order to make better understanding for the others. Writing to Read perception cannot determine all the ways that writing can improve reading more than writing, and to identify all the possible ways to enhance students’ writing. However, all of the Writing to Read recommendations have already shown clear results in improving students’ reading. Nevertheless, even when these practices are used together, they do not constitute a complete course. The writing practices which are described in this report should be taught in flexible and thoughtful way to support the learning of the students. The proof is well known as writing can be used for improving reading. The fact is to allow students in writing from what they have read and see how they understand it. The same result also can be seen when students write texts from different subjects such as science and social studies. This result is consistent with the finding from Writing Next that writing about science, math, and other types of information promotes students’ learning of the material. Moreover, the teaching of writing is not only to improve the students’ writing in demonstrating writing, but also to improve the student’s ability to read and understand the texts. They need to read the text accurately, fluently and with understanding. Finally, the results also show that students who spend more time in writing have positive impact on reading. It improves students’ understanding about 16 the text which is written by other writers. When it is taken together, these results from Writing to Read and Writing Next highlight the authority of writing as a tool to enhance reading and content learning. In addition, writing is always been recommended as a tool to improve reading. In Reading Next (Biancarosa and Snow, 2004), intensive writing was identified as a tense element of an effective childhood literacy programs. Reading Next wrote that writing instruction improves reading comprehension and writing skills teaching (grammar and spelling) is used to strengthen reading skills. Writing about a text is also believed to improve students’ understanding, because it helps them to connect what they have read, know, understand, and think (Carr, 2002). However, it is also noted that the effects of this writing practise on reading are to minimize students who only wrote a little or do not have clear instructions on how to do writing. For instance, Weber and Henderson (1989) found that the more writing instruction can produced more in reading gains than the less writing instruction. National survey of the writing practices at the high school level, Kiuhara, Graham, and Hawken (2009) found that students are rarely required to complete writing tasks which involve analysis and interpretation. Assignments which require more writing than a single paragraph happened only less than once a month in 50% of the classes. Based on data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, Applebee and Langer (2006) also reported similar results. Kiuhara and colleagues 17 further also indicated that high schools’ writing instruction was very rare, even in language arts classes, and become less in social studies and science classes. Many teachers (60% of science teachers, for example) reported, they feel unprepared to teach how to write to the students. Eventhough primary teachers have spent more time in teaching writing and are better prepared to teach writing practices (Cutler and Graham, 2008 Graham Harris, MacArthur, and Fink CHORZEMPA of 2003), most elementary students only spend about 20 minutes a day for writing. The writing teaching has approached a lot of the evidence-based practices. In Writing Next (Graham and Perin, 2007), 4th – 12th grade students has been identified through a comprehensive meta-analysis of writing intervention research in eleven effective instructional practices (see Graham, MacArthur and Fitzgerald [2007] for detailed presentation for these practices). Many of these writing practices, such as writing process of teaching or how to build more complex sentence, also has positive impact on students’ reading ability in the review. The challenge now is to help schools and teachers in making these and other effective practice as an integral part of their literacy programs. This report proves that good writing instruction is very crucial to achieve all the goals of the literacy. This report is to determine the effects of multiple writing practices on students’ reading performance. A considerable research has accumulated over the years to get the result from 93 comparisons examining the effects of reading and writing. The current study involved a wide range of subjects, including language arts, science, 18 social studies, and second language learning, guided students in urban, suburban, and rural schools. The huge existing experimental and rural experimental research is enough to make the conclusions and recommendations which can help policy-makers and educators to redesign the schools until it can meet the goal of all literacy. The practice of writing cannot take ffective reading methods (see Biancarosa and Snow [2004] and NICHD [2000] for a review of such practices). On the contrary, the writing practices supplement reading practice and should always be used in connecting, support and strengthening with each type of the practice. Our evidence suggests that these writing activities enhance the students’ text understanding in the improvements from the tr aditional reading activities, such as reading text, reading and rereading text, reading and discussing text, and accepting improvements in reading instruction. The empirical evidence suggests that the practice of writing, as described in the report to strengthen the concept of reading skills which writing should be taught, and emphasized as an integral part of the school curriculum. Previous studies have found, teaching the same process of writing and skills can improve the quality of students’ writing (Graham and Perin, 2007a; see also Graham, in press; Rogers and Graham, 2008) and learning content (as demonstrated in Graham and Perin [2007a] and Bangert-Drowns, Hurley, and Wilkinson [2004]). Students who do not have 19 trong writing skills might not be able to take full advantage of the power of writing as a tool to strengthen reading. Comments : 2. 2. 1 Chan Chu Ying Base on the article, an often overlooked tool for improving students’ reading and learning from text, writing. Reading and writing cannot determine all the way, writing can improve reading and writing again. All writing and reading proposals have shown clear re sults, to improve their reading. Writing can be used to improve the readability of the vehicle. Enhanced in order to let students write the text they read and how they understand it. In addition, the teaching of writing, not only to improve students’ writing, writing pages, but also enhance the student’s ability, accurately, fluently and comprehend text. Allow students to spend more time reading and writing have a positive impact, and improve students’ reading comprehension was written by someone else. Overall, the results of the study of college writing outstanding English writing, reading, and writing as a tool to improve reading and learning content. The students spend more time writing a positive impact on reading to improve students’ reading comprehension was written by someone else. . 2. 2 Stefanie Tio According to this research paper, there are several reasons why writing skills should be taught first then reading skills in teaching students or scholars. The first 20 reason is because writers should improve their own passages to make the readers can understand the meaning easily. Secondly, it can make a big improvement in studen ts’ reading. Moreover, it also can make students become more creative since they are not be able to see others’ writing so they make their writing based on their way to write. Although the results are already proved by quite a lot of researchers, many teachers are still not ready in using this method in teaching. This happens because they feel difficult what should they do to start teaching writing skills in the beginning of the lesson. In my opinion, this method only suitable if it is used in writing analytical passage, such as laboratory report, mathematic report, and so on because in this type of writing, students need to write based on the result of their practicum and write about their opinion about what will happen next. 2. 2. Lv Ya Wei Putting Writing before Reading is an effective approach to teaching and learning. Writing can make your reading better, writing some information that is fact will help us to understand each other better, so for the readers is more easier to study. Because writing will improve our skills of recording, connecting, analyzing, making things personal and controlling them. The phrase â€Å"reading and writing† reflec ts the implicit assumption that reading comes first and that writing must follow. First graders can â€Å"write† all the words they can say, albeit in their own manner and using invented spelling. Encouraging this kind of writing gives children control over letters and texts, giving them an 21 understanding that they need ultimately for reading. The word learning itself tends to promote reading over writing because we often assume learning refers to input, not output, that it’s a matter of putting other people’s ideas inside us. Writing is more caught up with meaning making, however, and encourages students to break out of their characteristically passive stance in school and in learning. Reading tends to imply Sit still and pay attention, whereas writing tends to imply Get in there and do something. It’s not the case that putting writing first–output before input–will encourage individualism. We will put more care into reading when they have had more of a chance to write. 2. 2. 4 Low Lei Hoong To improve the student’s reading skill, the best way to improve is by writing the texts or books before them reading. The students can write the information might facilitate comprehension and learning so that readers can learn it in easily. This happens because inside the text have all the function of reading such as meaning of connecting, analyzing, recording and manipulating the idea of text. By this skill, writing can provide the communication to the others person. Those people don’t know how to say out their mind, they might use writing skill to say out their mind. Besides that, their writing can give them a lot of unexpected thinking and ideas to create new things. Furthermore, the students who make their own texts for their own understand. Writing the essay also can improve the student’s reading. 22 Writing more than reading can make the students improve ability reading and understand the texts. The fact is allowing the students understanding what they write and understanding the meaning of text. Hence, writing first then continue with reading, the students can improve their own understanding what their own writing. The students reading skill also can improve by writing the texts. 2. 3 Reading and Writing Should Be Taught Together According to Spandel Stiggins in 1997, before writers can create their own writing, they can learn and know that good writing is all about by hearing and loving others’ work. Students are mostly ready learning to write by reading literature often and widely. Increasing attention to the connections between reading and writing to children literature’s quality have been given by teachers and researchers, such as Calkins 1994; Eckhoff 1983; Harste, Shorte Burke 1998; Lancia 1997; Tierney Pearson 1983. The similar processes of composing meaning are reading and writing which contributes to the successful by practicing. Lucy Calkins (1994), who is the author of The Art Of Teaching Writing, said that reading and writing connections started by teachers and caregivers because they help children feel interest with a single poem, book or essay. The students’ writing which teachers get might be good if the classroom literature surrounds and sustains it because literature is the most influence of all students (Fletcher and Portalupi 1998). Moreover, Donovan and Smolkin (2002) state students writing paralleled what they 23 knew about narrative and exposition reading. It means that students were able to use those attributes or skill in their own writing whether they knew and understood about the characteristics of the reading genre. Teachers are urged to be readers to teach themselves about the definition of quality writing (Spandel and Stiggins 1997). With reading often and widely, teachers can continuously discover the writing examples that can be shared to students in teaching good writing. When teachers share the meaningful passage or story with students, students are exposed to rich lexical-items and develop literary awareness as they hear good writers’ language. Students also can learn the language and structure of the passage or story. By leading the students in discussing stories and books which are focusing on characters and plot, teachers can make students familiar with these important elements of writing. Based on Calkins 1994, when we read to the children, the children and us should be preparing to take the next action. By using authors as mentors, students also can learn many kinds of writing styles and elements of craft. Teachers also can let the students know that most authors had mentors and were influenced by others’ writing. This can help students to survey and experiment with formats and styles from their favorite writers. Many students think and believe that teachers are the only audience for their writing because teachers are usually reading and assessing their assignment. Based to 24 Mem Fox (1993), whenever or whatever she writes, there is always someone on the other side. Writing to different audience requires attention to appropriate content and tone, depending on the age or experience of the reader. It is very crucial for teacher, not only to point out the audiences’ use in literature, but also to guide the students to make their own decisions by asking the words from the passage. Once the students understand reading – writing connection and the important of audiences to the passage, they will try to begin writing with audiences in their own mind. Ralph Fletcher, who wrote A Writer’s Notebook (1996), says that a writer’s notebook is a place to record things that make readers’ emotion and also to keep and write things readers need to remembered and noticed. He also stated, â€Å"Write it down in your notebook before it slips your mind†. Moreover, many writers collect articles which are related to their writing form newspaper and magazine. Some news sometimes can increase an idea for writing and can be used just from cut and paste it out in your notebook. We have become too much focused on journal writing, especially with primary-grade students (Routman 1996). Personal journals can promote fluency in both reading and writing, encourage risk taking and provide opportunity for reflection. There are a many types of good books which can have profound effects on student’s writing styles in the classroom. Saturation with literature directly influence writing by providing important models and a lively interaction between reading and writing (Lancia, 1997). As they become familiar with story elements, terminology 25 and style. Students can start to use this skill into their own writing. Routman, 1994 wrote that immersion in literature is one of the best ways to encourage students to write in a particular genre. However, students must hear and examine many types of books before they can expect to write themselves. Students who know many types of books, rhymes or poems, in their writing can appear many favorite characters, words and phrases. Most of the words are learned through reading or listening to others. In this way, children can understand difficult words and also teachers can help children o learn new words. Based on Calkins in 1994, the connection is easier to make if students spend more time in reading, studying and listening to picture books, alphabet books or poems. Inside the student’s writing, the length of most picture books is similar and also the time it takes to read will make them effective addition to the writing activity. Comments : 2. 3. 1 Chan Chu Ying Base on the article, widel y and frequently read, teachers can continue to find examples, we can share the students’ writing. When teachers sharing meaningful passage or story with students, students are exposed to rich lexical-terms and develop literary awareness. Students also can learn the structure and language of passage or story. Students can also study the structure and language of the channel or the story. 26 Discussion to guide students through the books and focus on the characters and plot story, the teacher will familiarize students with writing some of the necessary elements. Most vocabulary is learned that the read or listen to other people to see. Appropriate reading materials, creative use, which will improve writing courses. Those students who are exposed to many genre and styles of good literature are very likely to transfer these rich experience into their writing. In addition, picture books can be used to encourage the child with the audience feel new vocabulary and literary devices. Through the use of different types of reading materials, students can be exposed to more ideas to write well. 2. 3. 2 Stefanie Tio Mostly students are ready in learning how to write if they also have reading passages as their examples. Moreover, scholars can also produce a good writing for their assignments, but they do not know how to make it. Maybe they do not know how a good writing should be made or they never have a good example before. This is not because they want to follow other writers’ way to write, but because they really do not know how to write without seeing the good example first. There are many varieties of books which are sold outside, many of them are good books which can be followed by the students and some of them are not very good if someone want to see them as an example. Because of these reasons, teachers also need to guide students to find the good books to follow so their writing can be as good as good writer. 2. 3. 3 Lv Ya Wei 27 Writing is not a skill that students learn separate from other processes. It combines many complex activities, including categorizing, building key terms and concepts for a subject, measuring one’s reaction to a subject, making new connections, abstracting, figuring out significance, and developing arguments—to name a few. Our highest cognitive functions are developed and supported through active and interconnected use of language—speaking, listening, reading, and writing. In practice, this means that reading (and speaking and listening) can be used as a springboard for writing projects, and writing can be used as a way to understand reading. A variety of informal, often ungraded, writing activities may be used, for instance, to help students understand that critical reading can be practiced through writing about reading and that writing projects can be strengthened through careful, critical reading. Classroom practices can be designed so that students use writing to read and reading to write. Writing courses consistently provide such integrated activities for students. Essentially,reading is a kind of skill that receive information, writing is a process of producing. Let reading and writing be taught together will save resources also Improve cognitive system of a human being. Because reading and writing are both included in learning, they are just two different steps, but still they belong to the same system. Then the common grounds and possibilities between reading and writing allocate resource in a more effective way. Because of efficient, saving time, enhance communication between people, they absolutely should be taught together. 8 2. 3. 4 Low Lei Hoong The students who teach reading and writing together will increase their attention of literature quality of themselves. The students will be successful by increase their literature quality. Besides that, the students will feel more interesting in the different genres of books, poems and essay. Teachers can shared the different types of writing to be shared to students for them understanding the s kills of writing. Students also can discuss stories and books which are focusing on characters and plot. Students can be use different authors to be mentors. This skill can make the students to more effective writing and more feel more interest in writing. The students will make their favorite authors to their guideline for writing essay and books. Furthermore, the writing skill not only for the teachers and also can for the others audience who want to read the story and books. The students can also use the notebooks to record the things. The notebooks can record all the things that make readers emotion and also to keep the things make readers to noticed and remembered. When the readers read the magazines and also newspaper, the information they get, they can write down in the notebook so that they can use it in writing. There are many types of good books which can have profound effects of students writing in classroom. The information they get from the books, the writers can use it in the writing essay or paragraph. The books can appear many favorite 29 characters, words and phrases for them write in the books. With reading and writing, the students are able to understand the difficult words and lean new words. This difficulty words and new words can use it the writing. . 4 Linking Sentences to Chapter III With all above of our comments, we think that the third topic, which is Reading and Writing Should Be Taught Together, is the best method. We will explain our conclusion and recommendation of using this method in the next chapter. 30 CHAPTER III CONCLUSION 3. 1 Points to Remember Reading is a phenomenon where someone must have as this skill so th ey can understand what the readers’ mean by writing the text. However, writing is a skill in making well writing paper by using coherent words so the readers can understand what is the meaning of the writer’s writing. There are a lot of differences in teaching method for students and scholars, such as teaching reading then writing skills, writing then reading skills, and teaching both reading and writing skills at the same time. We have stated all of the explanations above and have discussed about the advantages and disadvantages which students and scholars can get. Therefore, we choose reading and writing should be taught together because with suitable reading materials which are used creatively, this will enhance the writing curriculum. Those students who are exposed to many genre and styles of good literature are very likely to transfer these rich experiences into their writing. Besides that, picture books can be used to encourage children with sense of audience, new vocabulary and various literary devices. By using different types of reading materials, the students can exposed more idea to make a good writing. 31 In our opinion, we recommend all the teachers who teach language in schools or universities to teach students and scholars by using â€Å"Reading and Writing should be taught together† method. 3. Recommendation From our research, we strongly believe that the reading and writing should be taught together because it will give the scholars a better way to study the language. So that the students will be more prepare to have effective writing skills because all of the universities, not only University, will told scholars to write for assignment and final examinations in using words. 32 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bru mmit. Joelle. n. d. The Relationship between Reading and Writing. , from http:// www. k12reader. com/the-relationship-between-reading-and-writing/ Donovan, M. (2012, September 7). More Reading for Better Writing. . d. , from http://www. writingforward. com/better-writing/more-reading-better-writing Graham, S. , Hebert, M. A. (2010). Writing to read: Evidence for how writing can improvereading. A Carnegie Corporation Time to Act Report. Washington, DC: Alliance for Excellent Education. Luvhistory. (2012, March 2). Why do ninety percent of schools teach reading before writing. n. d. , from http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Why_do_ninety_ percent_of_schools_teach_reading_before_writing Olness, R. (2005). Using literature to enhance writing instruction (pp. 1-9). Newark, DE: International Reading Association. 33 How to cite Writing and Reading Should Be Taught Together, Essay examples

The Harsh Truth in the Filipino Curriculum Free Essays

The Harsh Truth in the Filipino Curriculum In the Filipino society today I cannot help but notice that when it comes to intellectual stuff the English language is more commonly used than the native language. James Syrians one of the students of Atone noticed this and he even made an article about it which enraged many people. In my opinion James Garrison’s Article has a point, it’s looks negative at first but it actually has a good meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on The Harsh Truth in the Filipino Curriculum or any similar topic only for you Order Now But he problem is that most Filipinos are too stubborn to accept the truth. When he said that the Filipino language is commonly used in the streets I agree because you wouldn’t use the English language in the local street stores or when dealing with local vendors because it would look awkward. One of the probable reasons why his article has received many negative criticisms is because in some parts of the article he used his own perspective based on the environment he grew up in especially hen he said that the Filipino language is not used on intellectual. But ironically the school Atone(his school) uses the Filipino language for intellectual arguments. Since James Garrison’s articles presents the problem that the Filipino language has today it would be good if the Depend would check this article and come up with something to help flourish the Filipino Language. I would suggest that they modify the curriculum wherein they would use the Filipino language in teaching some major objects like Math and Science during grade 1-6 so that the students would understand it better. Because during those years the students haven’t even mastered their mother tongue and it would be better to let them learn it well first before teaching them the English language. The article of James Syrians may look very offensive for a Filipino at first but if we read between the lines we can learn a thing or two about the state of the Filipino language in the current curriculum. How to cite The Harsh Truth in the Filipino Curriculum, Papers

Burke Litwin 1992 free essay sample

Change is depicted in terms of both process and content, with particular emphasis on transformational as compared with transactional factors. Transformational change occurs as a response to the external environment and directly affects organizational mission and strategy, the organiz. ations leadership, atid culture, lit ttirn, tfie transactional factors are affected—strtictute. systems, management practices, and climate. These transformational and transactional factors together affect motivation, which, in turn, affects peifornumce.In support of the models potential validity, theory and research as wellaspraetke are cited. Orgatiization change is a kind of chaos (Gleick. 1987). The number of variables changing at the same lime, the magnitude of environmental change, and the frequent resistance of human systetns cteate a whole confluence of ptocesses that are extremely difficult to predict and almost impossible to control. Nevertheless, there are consistent patterns that exist—linkages among classes of events that have been demonstrated repeatedly in the research literature and can be seen in actual organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Burke Litwin 1992 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The enormous and pervasive impact of culture and beliefs— to the point where it causes organizations to do fundamentally unsound things ftom a business point of view^would be such an observed phenotnenon. To build a most likely model describing the causes of organizational performance and change, we must explore two important lines of thinking. First, we must understand more thoroughly how organizations function (i. e. , what leads to what). Second, given our tiiodel of causation, we must understand how organizations might be deliberately changed.The linkage typically is in the direction of theory and research to practice: that is. to ground our consultation in what is known, what is theoretically and empirically sound. Creation of the tnodel to be presented in this article was not quite in that knowledge-to-practice direction, however. With respect to theory, we sttongly believe in the open system framework, especially represented by Katz and Kahn (1978). Thus, any organizational model that we might develop would stem from an input-throughput-output, with a feedback loop, format.The tnodei presented hete is definitely of that genre. In other wotds. the fundamental framework for the model evolved from theory. The components of the model and what causes what and in what order, on the other hand, have evolved frotn our practice. To risk stating what is often not politic to admit in academic circles, we admit that the ultimate development of our causal model evolved from practice, not extensive theory or tesearch. What we are attempting with this article, therefore, is a theoretical and empirical justification of what we clearly believe works. To be candid, we acknowledge that our attempt is not unlike attribution theory—we are explaining our beliefs and actions ex post facto: This seemed to have worked; I wonder if the literature supports our action. Our consulting efforts over a period of about 5 years with British Airways taught us a lot^—what changes seemed to have worked and what activities clearly did not. It was from these experiences that our model took form. As a case example, we refer to the work at British Airways later in this article. For a more recent overview of that change effort, . see Goodstein and Burke (1991).

A History of Product Placement in Film and Television free essay sample

A History of Product Placement in Film and Television Peter Rush Product placement in the marketing world has become more and more evident in the past few decades. More specifically, product placement in the movie industry has been one of the most successful ways to advertise products. Oftentimes, products are associated with a film, or vice versa. Such is the case with Reese’s Pieces candies and Stephen Spielberg’s film, â€Å"E. T†. While it is a very expensive way of companies to advertise their brands, it is one that pays off immensely if executed properly. Although it seems as if product placement in film and television is a relatively new way of marketing products to the public, it has been around as early as the late 1800’s. On December 28, 1895, pioneering French filmmakers Auguste and Louis Lumiere exhibited their films in the basement of a Paris cafe to the first paying audience for projected motion pictures. In developing their Cinematograph, a machine that combined a camera, processor, and projector into a single unit, the Lumiere brothers had also, in effect, invented the motion picture audience. The running time of a Lumiere film was limited by the amount of film that their Cinematograph could hold, which was about 50-60 seconds. The content was often moments, supposedly, of real life: a train arriving at a station, pedestrians walking on a city street. But many of their films were staged, including a very early one featuring a performance by Frank Claire, the father-in-law to both the Lumiere brothers. Claire owned a brewery in Lyons, and in the film, â€Å"The Card Game† (Lumiere, 1896); he carefully pours a bottle of his beer for two companions. If the bottle had a label, it was not visible, but in this film the initial steps toward the combination of film and commerce are evident. Within 6 months the first examples of product placement would be filmed. In the spring of 1896, the Lumiere brothers entered into a distribution and production arrangement with Francois-Henri Lavanchy-Clarke, a Swiss businessman who was also a European distributor and promoter for the U. K. soap manufacturer Lever Brothers (Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 2006). For the Lumiere brothers, Lavanchy-Clarke would show films in Switzerland as well as film Swiss-located motion pictures for distribution in Europe and the United States. For Lever Brothers, Lavanchy-Clarke publicized their leading product, Sunlight Soap (Lavanchy-Clarke, 1922). It was this connection between Lavanchy-Clarke, Lever Brothers, and the Lumieres that resulted in the first product placements in motion pictures. In May 1896, in the yard of the Geneva home of Lavanchy-Clarke, Cinematographer operator Alexandre Promio shot a film of two women hand-washing tubs of laundry (Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 2006). Placed notably in front of the tubs were two cases of Lever Brothers soap, one with the French branding Sunlight Savon, the other with the German Sunlight Seife. The following month, the film, given the English title, â€Å"Washing Day† in Switzerland (Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 2006), was shown in New York at Keiths Union Square Theatre, along with shots of European trains, French parades, and various skits. Another contributor to product placement’s beginnings which included the interconnection of film and marketing was none other than Thomas Edison. Edison was the first to turn product placement into an ongoing business that provided benefits of reducing out-of-pocket production costs while providing promotional services for customers of his industrial business (Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 2006). One of Edison’s films, the 1905 â€Å"Streetcar Chivalry† takes place in a commuter train car plastered with posters for Edison’s products such as phonographs (Streetcar Chivalry, 1905). Some Edison films integrated advertising messages that were more similar to commercials than product placements. For example, in July 1897, his Black Maria studio was the setting for perhaps the first advertising film: 50 seconds of men smoking in front of an Admiral Cigarettes billboard (Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 2006). But although some of the Edison films were obvious offers of products and services, product placements as subtle efforts to influence audience attitude and behavior became a specialty of Edisons. His catalog listed hundreds of travelogues, such as trips to the Far West, Niagara Falls, and Hawaii, along with dozens of railroad films. The business of product placement had begun. In the United States, cinematic art and business intertwined in the 1910s and 1920s as manufacturers and government-distributed advertising films that combined drama and commerce to the small-town circuit. Producers of these films included International Harvester, the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and the YMCA. From 1914 to 1921, Ford Motor Company created a series of newsreels titled Ford Animated Weekly and Ford Educational Weekly. A typical serial included Model T races and news footage that sometimes incorporated Henry Ford meeting with government officials. These advertising films were distributed at low cost to exhibitors and found an early approval in small towns, with Ford claiming a viewership of 3 million per week (Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 2006). Not only did the product placement within the movie help to reimburse both parties of the agreement, but the American films initiated a worldwide trade in American products as well. For example, a citizen of a foreign country would see the American actors use American products on the silver screen, and soon enough, the foreign movie-goer purchased the product and boosted the American economy through the film industry. Although the earliest product placements, such as those in the Edison films, were most often a method of reducing the cost of production, a second motivation saw increased use beginning in the 1920s: cooperative promotional arrangements between outside manufacturers and movie makers, in which on-screen product appearances or star endorsements were traded for advertising and promotions paid by the manufacturer. It was seen as a winning arrangement for both parties, as the motion picture industry benefitted from increased ticket sales due to enhanced advertising for their pictures while manufacturers obtained screen exposure for their products and a marketing edge by connecting their products to celebrities (Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 2006). These were called tie-ups. Typically, a tie-up would result in the national manufacturer creating ads that featured the product and the motion picture as well as window displays for local distributors of the product. The local movie theater operators would then work with the local distributor to create in-theater promotions for both the product and the movie. This new phenomenon would catch on like wild fire in the film industry. One of the most popular and successful forms of tie-ups or product placement in film is showcased in Stephen Spielberg’s motion picture film, â€Å"E. T†. Visionary director, Stephen Spielberg has always been a step ahead, and his 1982 alien film  Ã¢â‚¬Å"E. T†Ã‚  blazed the trail for modern day product placement. The film was to have a scene where a boy coaxes an abandoned alien into his clutches by use of leaving a trail of candy on the ground. But not just any candy. The choice was made months prior to production when Spielberg  looked for a partnership with a candy company  that would promise promotion for his film. The very popular MM’s were selected, but the suits at Mars, Inc. refused to have their treats associated with a creature whose appearance may not appeal to the American public (Steinbrunner, 2008). However, the little alien creature didnt bother the people at Hershey, who were hoping to bolster their Reeses Pieces line. An agreement was made to produce a million dollars worth of advertisements for the film, and they even placed E. T. s face on the candys packaging. Although in the film, there is no mention of the product’s name, customers had no trouble identifying the little orange, yellow, and brown treats as proven by a 65% spike in Reese’s Pieces sales after the movie was shown in theaters (Steinbrunner, 2008). Another slightly skewed version of product placement that is becoming more evident and successful recently, is cross-promotion. In 2007, â€Å"The Simpsons Movie† was hitting the big screen, and marketing for the film had been planned out almost perfectly. 7-Eleven Inc. turned a dozen stores into Kwik-E-Marts, the fictional convenience drug stores of â€Å"The Simpsons† in a brilliant marketing move (MSNBC, 2007). 7-Eleven offered fictional products shown in â€Å"The Simpsons† and brought them to life for fans of the show and movie for purchase in the stores. The Kwik-E-Mart promotion turned out to be a huge success for 7-Eleven, with  fans driving as far as hundreds of miles to buy the special themed merchandise. It also resulted in a 30% increase in profits for the converted 7-Elevens (MSNBC, 2007). One of the big pros for product placement in film and television, is it is a strong substitute to the deteriorating effectiveness of the 30-second commercial spot. More importantly, reality TV has become a hot-spot for massive amount of obvious product placement (Munger, 2009). Shows such as, â€Å"The Apprentice† and more specifically MTV produced shows are displaying product placement in almost every medium. It’s nearly impossible to turn on the MTV channel and see an actor on â€Å"The Real World† not holding a Coke in their hand. As a result, the value of placements on popular shows such as these has exploded into the millions of dollars per placement. Also fueling the growth of television product placements has been the debut of niche instructional cable networks like Food, The Learning Channel and Outdoor, where house, home and garden marketers are pitching there wares (Hanlon, 2005). http://z8.invisionfree.com/MHVF/index.php?showtopic=10047 http://www.libdems.org.uk/constitution http://newatlas.com/go/4699/ www.tarheels12000.wordpress.com/2010/04/30/a-piece-of-candy-can-go-a-long-way/ http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19536528/ns/business-us_business/t/dohelevens-become-simpsons-stores/

Bram Stoker Essay Example

Bram Stoker Essay One miserably wet summer, Coraline Jones moves into a flat in an old house, with her parents who are too busy with work to pay much attention to her. She discovers a mysterious locked door in the drawing room of the flat; when she gets her mother to open the door, it swings open to reveal nothing but a brick wall. But one day, when bored and left alone in the flat by her mother, Coraline tries the door again, it opens to reveal a corridor leading to a flat quite like her own, but not quite.She ventures further into the flat, where she comes across her mother cooking in the kitchen, except her skin is paper white, she is taller and thinner, her fingers too long and her fingernails curved, sharp and dark red. The woman turns round; her eyes are big black buttons. She is the other mother and she is cooking food that smells awfully tasty. Coraline soon discovers that her father and her other neighbours in this strange world also have buttons for eyes, oh and the cat that hangs round the building can now talk.Coraline decides that this other world is rather more interesting than her own, but when told that she could stay, as long as she exchanged her own eyes for buttons, she decides that she could never do that and returns back home through the tunnel. However when she gets home she discovers that her real parents have disappeared under mysterious circumstances. Coraline soon realises that she will have to go back through the tunnel to rescue them.Back in the other mother’s world, the other mother soon learns that Coraline is not prepared to love her and she is thrown into the hallway mirror, where she meets three ghost children, who are also held captive. One tells Coraline, as she falls asleep, to look through the stone given to her earlier by Miss Spink and Miss Forcible, two of Coraline’s neighbours. The next day Coraline uses the stone in a game of challenge with the other mother; everyone will be released if Coraline can find their lost souls.Co raline finds the souls but she still has to find her parents and persuade the other mother to reopen the door to the tunnel between the two houses. Coraline does this by tricking the other mother to open the door, Coraline then grabs the snow globe which she has realised contains her parents and with the souls of the three children in her pocket and followed by the cat, she escapes through the tunnel. However, something else comes through the tunnel as well, the other mother’s hand, which wants the key to the doorway back. Coraline manages to get rid of the hand by ricking it into falling into the old well in the back garden. ANALYSIS: What’s up with the title? Coraline is named after the lead character in the story, Coraline Jones. Its a pretty basic title. But its important to notice that the title is just Coralines name. Many times, a book that features the main characters name in the title also mentions a few other things: think Alice in Wonderland, Harry Potter an d the fill-in-the-blank, Harold and the Purple Crayon. The title Coraline emphasizes Coraline the character above the wacky adventures shes going to have.Inspiration comes in many ways. Fictional characters can affect a real person’s life. Coraline was brave, independent, and showed great creativeness in the book titled Coraline by Neil Gaiman. Throughout the entire story, Coraline displayed a great amount of courage. After moving into a new home, this curious little girl ventured through a door that was never meant to be opened. She met her other mother that had the desire to sow buttons into Coralines eyes. Coraline stood up for herself and said no, and that takes courage. Although Coraline was only about nine years old, she saved her parents.She re-entered the tunnel, after her other mother captured her real parents, without fear. Coraline defended herself from the other mother and slammed the door right in her face to escape. Like many kids these days, Coraline had to do several things alone or by herself. Coraline made her own dinner and her own decisions. When her parents were busy with work, Coraline often played by herself. She thought for herself and didnt allow the other mother control her thoughts and actions. Coraline was wise beyond her years. Although the other mother tried to cover up the bad with good, Coraline saw right through it.She outsmarted the other mother and tricked the other mother’s hand, that was after her soul seeing stone, to jump in the well. Coraline is an inspiring character who made me think about my life. I also do not wish to live in a perfect world. She reminded me to be bold when things get tough and that one should keep fighting. Coraline was an independent thinker. She saw the situation for what it truly was. Things arent always as they appear. Who is the narrator, can she or he read minds, and, more importantly, can we trust her or him?The narrative technique in Coraline is third person limited, which mean s that a narrator tells us the story, focusing mostly on one character. In this particular case, an adult narrator tells us Coralines story. This is a pretty common narrative technique for books that star children. Having an adult narrator tell us a childs story can give us a little more depth; sometimes adults can see the big picture a little more than kids. Also, its usually just easier for an adult to write from an adults point of view! Gaimans use of third person narration also gives us an important outsider perspective on Coraline.Coraline is often the only character on the page; she doesnt get to have a ton of conversations with other people (except the cat, of course). Having the story narrated in the third person gives us that outsider perspective wed otherwise be missing, without losing insight into Coralines inner thoughts. The other mother created a world that she thought Coraline would want. So what does the other world tell us about Coraline and what she wishes for? Cor alines parents are really busy and tend to ignore her; shes often left alone to entertain herself and even take care of herself. That doesnt sound like the best family set-up.But then Coraline discovers an alternate set of parents who pay her tons of attention and cook her delicious food. Sounds like a good trade, right? Well, Coraline quickly figures out that its a rotten deal. Her own parents might have their flaws, but theyre still her parents. And Coraline loves them enough to fight hard to get them back from the cruel other mother. Coraline teaches us that, when it comes down to it, family is irreplaceable. What do you think was the bravest thing Coraline did in the novel? Upon her return to her apartment, Coraline finds her real parents are missing.They do not return the next day, and the black cat wakes her and takes her to a mirror in her hallway, through which she can see her trapped parents. They signal to her by writing Help Us on the glass, from which Coraline deduces th e Other Mother has kidnapped them. Though frightened of returning, Coraline goes back to the Other World to confront the Other Mother and rescue her parents. What is the writing style of the novel? This story includes a lot of Coralines thoughts, and the narrator chimes in with some reflections, too. As a result, the style can get a little poetic sometimes. Someone had once told her that if you look up at the sky from the bottom of a mine shaft, even in the brightest daylight, you see a night sky and stars. Coraline wondered if the hand could see stars from where it was. (13. 71)† Their thoughts are sometimes more poetic than the words they actually get to say aloud. By recording Coralines thoughts, then, Gaiman affects the style of his whole book. What’s the tone of the story? Even though theres a third person narrator, we get most of the story from Coralines point of view, hearing her thoughts and her feelings.This means that Coraline herself pretty much determines th e tone of the novel. All the tones we get come largely from Coralines own emotions: when shes scared, or relieved, or bored, or excited, we hear it. Why buttons? The black button eyes of the other mother are probably the most iconic or well-known image to come out of Coraline. â€Å"They were looking at her with their black button eyes. Or at least she thought they were looking at her. She couldnt be sure. (4. 128)† These eyes are definitely creepy. The black button eyes let us know that were in the other world and highlight how disturbing it is.Buttons are a seemingly harmless object, but in the other world, they become sinister and threatening. In fact, turning nice things into threatening things seems to be one of the main functions of the other world and the beldam herself. These buttons essentially act like masks. Coraline cant tell if her other parents are watching her and she cant get any clues through their eyes as to what theyre thinking. Because we see so much throu gh peoples eyes, these buttons hide the humanness of the people wearing them (if theyre even human at all), preventing us from really knowing a person.For this reason, Coralines other mother could never really be known, or loved, by the children she kidnaps. What’s the meaning of the key? The key into the other world becomes a hot commodity, or item, in the story. Theres only one key to the door between the other world and our world. And the other mother and Coraline both want to control that key. The appearance of the key can help us understand what it represents. Compared to the other keys, its the oldest, biggest, blackest, rustiest key (1. 51). Its different from all the other keys, just like the other world is different from the real world.In this way, the key seems to represent the other world: old and ugly. Usually when we think of keys, we think of unlocking something or opening something up. Coraline certainly does this when she finds the other world. But if keys can unlock, they can also lock you in. Eek! Thats more what Coraline is about – the fear of being trapped somewhere you dont want to be. So how do we eliminate the fear of being trapped? Well, trap the key itself! And thats exactly what Coraline does. What is the author telling us about our identity?When youre totally on your own – like Coraline is – you need to have a super strong sense of self to get you through things. In Coraline, our heroine doesnt have friends or family to rely on, so she learns this lesson pretty quickly. She doesnt need other people to know her in order to know herself: even if everyone forgets her name, it doesnt mean she isnt Coraline. And of course, other peoples identities become an issue for Coraline, too. Who is the other mother? What is the other mothers identity in relation to Coralines real mothers identity? And the three ghost children?Can they have identities if they dont even have names? Coraline is struggling with all of these questions, all the while trying to save the day. Impressive. What up with the ending? Coraline overcomes great odds, defeats the evil other mother, saves her parents, and rescues the trapped souls of three children. Pretty impressive, dont you think? So why doesnt this book end with everyone throwing Coraline a parade to celebrate her awesomeness? Well, Coraline may have triumphed against evil, but she did it alone. And now she has to enjoy her victory alone, too.No one else even knows what happened to Coraline: her parents dont remember their time trapped by the other mother and the neighbors didnt notice anyone was missing. But even if no one else is paying attention, Coraline is still content. She has learned a lot during the story, and shes much more confident by the end of it, so why does it matter if anyone else knows? Shes happy to just drift off into a happy dream, remembering the friends she met in the other world. Coraline is mainly about Coraline herself; so it only makes sense that the end focuses on, well, Coraline.Is it any good? Author Neil Gaiman is well known in the world of adult literature, but this is his first book for children. Its a strange, surrealistic tale, fun for kids who like their stories creepy. The black-and-white illustrations by Dave McKean are correspondingly sinister. Not everything will make sense to young readers, nor will they find the emotional heart that marks childrens classics but they will find Coraline to be a brave character who uses her smarts to not only save herself, but also others the Other Mother trapped. Plus, the plot rolls long fairly unpredictably and with a few good scares. Not awe-inspiring, but entertaining enough. Coraline by Neil Gaiman is a weird and delightfully scary fairy tale / ghost story. I call it delightfully scary because while it grips the readers attention with creepy happenings that may cause a case of the shivers, it is not the kind of scary book that lead to nightmares of the it could happen to me kind. I recommend Coraline for 8- to 12-year-olds. Although the main character is a girl, this tale will appeal to both boys and girls who enjoy weird and scary (but not too scary) tales.Because of all of the dramatic happenings, Coraline is also a good read-aloud for 8- to 12-year-olds. Why shoud I care to read? Have you ever been afraid of anything? Not like monsters-in-the-closet afraid, but really, truly how-am-I-going-to-get-through this afraid? Were thinking about that time you were in a play and had to get up on stage in front of your whole school and recite your lines. Or the first time you went to camp and had to say goodbye to your parents. Or even the time you were home alone during a thunderstorm and you had to stay calm for your little brother.One of these things has happened to all of us – and how did we get through it? We did it anyway. If we hadnt gotten on stage, gone to camp, or comforted our brother, we would have never gotten over our fears. We wouldnt have been brave. Coraline is a story of bravery, and according to Coraline herself, being brave is when youre scared but you still do it anyway (5. 80). Coralines bravery might be the epic, fairy tale kind: she does fight monsters, after all. But Coraline teaches us that bravery comes in all forms.Bravery can be going back to get your glasses near a wasps nest. It can even be just going to school. If youre scared and you do it anyway, youre brave. Coraline reminds us that we dont need to ride a BMX over a box jump or poke a raccoon with a stick to be brave. Bravery can be a much more everyday occurrence. No matter what it is, if we do it, well gain confidence and feel better about ourselves after – just like Coraline did. Thats not to say its easy (and neither was battling the other mother), but thats what makes it worth it.